This section is from the book "Cassell's Cyclopaedia Of Mechanics", by Paul N. Hasluck. Also available from Amazon: Cassell's Cyclopaedia Of Mechanics.
The accompanying sketch shows a hot-water towel airer with three rails, taut of course the number of rails, the dimensions, and the design of the airer can he varied as desired. The airer is made of 1-in. iron tube and fittings, and any threads that are exposed must be soldered up solid before painting. Some fill up the exposed threads with putty, but, needless to say, this often proves a failure. It will be necessary for some of the tubes to be connectors, and the backnuts are made by cutting short collars from a socket and cleaning them off neatly. The ordinary wrought fittings do not look nearly so well as the globe-shape 1 malleable fittings (elbows and tees). Connect the airer to a flow pipe wholly, neither connection being put to a return pipe. The connecting pipes can be J-in.; even 1/2-m. will do if the length is short. A stop-valve can be used if desirable. The dotted lines in the sketch indicate that connections to the rail may be made above or below the floor.

Hot-water Towel Airer.
 
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