The details of paring processes here given include the applications to use of the ordinary machines and implements which have been treated, and also the use of additional apparatus required for special work. It may be here generally stated, that shaping-machine processes are more suited to both commence and finish the planing of an object than slotting-machine processes, because, although a shaper is comparatively small, its cutting tool has two motions, whereas a slotter has but one. A shaper will commence the planing of an object which has not been previously machined; but generally speaking, a slotter requires that the articles to be slotted shall be previously either planed, turned, or bored.