In building a frame dam commence with a good foundation, laying the first sills in the bottom, of sufficient depth. They should be large square timbers that will last in the water without rotting. Where there is a soft foundation, the bottom should first be made level; then dig trenches for the mud sills, abont 7 or 8 feet apart, lengthways of the stream, and 10 or 12 feet long. Into these first sills other sills must be framed, and put crosswise of the stream, 6 or 8 feet apart to reach as far across the stream as necessary. Then two outside sills should be piled down with 2-inch plank driven down to a depth of 4 or 5 feet. If this can be done conveniently, they are to be jointed as closely as possible. It would be better to line with some stuff 1 inch thick; then with posts their proper length, about 12 or 14 inches square, which should be framed into the uppermost sills, in both sides, and all the way across the dam, from bank to bank, at a distance of 6 feet apart. Then, with braces to each post, to extend two-thirds of the length of the post, where they should be joined together with a lock, instead of a mortise and tenon, with an iron bolt of 1 or 1¼ inches in diameter, going through both, and tightened with a screw and nut. When mortises and tenons are used, they often become rotten and useless in a few days. These braces should be set at an angle of 50 or 60° with the other end mortised into the mud sill. These braces require to be about 6 to 8 inches, and as long as you find necessary; being covered with dirt, it will not decay for a long time, as the air is excluded. These posts should be capped from one to the other, plate fashion. The posts should be lined with 2 or 2½ inch plank on the inside, pinned to the plank, and should, in the middle, be tilled in with dirt.

If the stream is large and wide, the dam should be built in two sections, which should be divided by a waste-way for the surplus water, which should be in the centre of the dam, and sufficient for all the waste-water to run over. Let each section of the dam form an abutment next to the waste-way, placing cells or sills 4 feet apart the length of the waste-way; in each of these sills, posts should be framed with a brace for the sides. These rows of posts, standing across the dam, will form the sectional abutments; the middle one may be constructed by being lengthways of the stream, with shore braces, so that they will not be in the way of driftwood passing down the stream: it being necessary for strong pieces for a bridge.

Then cover the sills with an apron of 2-inch plank joined perfectly straight, to extend 30 or 40 feet below the dam, to prevent the undermining of the dam. The planks which are used for the purpose of lining the posts which form the abutments of each section of the dam and the ends of the waste-way, should be truly point so as to prevent any leakage. The dam being built," the dirt should be filled in with teams; as the more it is tramped the better. Clay or coarse gravel is the best. Then place your gates on the upper side of the waste-way, the size that is necessary to a level with low-water mark; which gates are not to be raised except in times of high water, as the proper height of the mill-pond should be regulated by boards placed over the gate for the desired head, as the water should be allowed to pass at all times freely over them. To strengthen the dam, if you think necessary, 2-inch plank may be used in lining the front side of the dam, long enough to reach from the bottom of the stream (on an inclined plane, and next to the body of water) to the top of the dam, and filled up nearly to the top of the dam with clay or gravel well tramped down.

Brush or Log Dams are very often used in small, muddy streams. When the bottom of the stream is of a soft nature; take a flat-boat where you want to fix your dam, and drive piles the whole length of the stream, about 3 or 4 feet apart, as deep as you can. Take young oak saplings, pointed at the end, for the purpose. If you can. construct a regular pile-driver, similar to those in use for making trestle-work on the railways. The weight may be pulled up by horses instead of an engine.' When you have finished driving piles, make some boxes or troughs of 2 or 3 inch plank, about 3 feet wide and as long as the plank is. Sink these in the water, the length of the dam, close to the piles, by loading them with rock, until they are at the bottom of the stream, filling in the front part of the dam with dirt and brash, nearly to the height you want it. This kind of dam will last a loug time.

Whenever there is a small break in the dam or race, cut up some willows and brush, put them In the break along with some straw and dirt, and ram them down with clay.

In regard to the flume, the greatest care must be taken to insure strength and durability, combined with lightness. Every step taken in its construction must be of such a nature as to unite these qualities in the highest possible degree, otherwise the whole is, in a manner, labor lost.