Asphalt Composition

Mineral pitch 1 part, bitumen 11, powdered stone, or wood ashes, 7 parts.

2. Ashes 2 parts, clay 3 parts, and sand 1 part, mixed with a little oil, makes a very fine and durable cement, suitable for external use.

Mastic

Pulverized burnt clay 1)3 parts, litharge ground very fine 7 parts, mixed with a sufficient quantity of pure linseed oil.

3. Silicious sand 14, pulverized calcareous stone 14, litharge 2, and linseed oil 4 parts by weight.

The powders to be well dried in an oven, and the surface upon which it is to be applied must be saturated with oil.

4. For Roads

Bitumen 16.875 parts, asphaltum 225 parte, oil of resin6.25 parts, and sand 135 parts. Thickness, from 1¼ to 1 5/8 inches.

Asphaltum 55 lbs. and gravel 28*7 lbs. will cover an area of 10.75 square feet.

Mural Efflorescences

White alkaline efflorescences upon the surface of brick walls laid in mortar, of which natural hydraulic lime or cement is the basis.

The crystallization of these suits within the pores of bricks, into which they have been absorbed from the mortar, causes disintegration.

Ashphalt Flooring

8 lbs. of composition will cover 1 sup. foot, ¾ inch thick.

Artificers' Rules And Tables

For Computing the Work of Bricklayers, Well Diggers, Masons, Carpenters and Joiners, Slaters, Plasterers, Painters, Glaziers, Pavers, and Plumbers.

Measurement Of Wells And Cisterns

There are two methods of estimating the value of excavating. It may be done by allowing so much a day for every man's work, or so much per cubic foot, or yard, for all that is excavated.

Measurement of Plumbers' Work

Plumbers' work is rated at so much a pound, or else by the hundredweight of 112 pounds. Sheet lead, used in roofing, guttering, etc., is from 7 to 12 pounds to the square foot. And a pipe of an inch bore is commonly from 6 to 13 pounds to the yard in length. - [See Table, "Weight of Lead Pipe per Foot.")

Sewers

Sewers are classed as Drains, Sewers, and Culverts.

Drains are the small courses, as from one or more locations leading to a sewer.

Sewers are the courses from a series of locations.

Culverts are the courses that receive the discharge of sewers.

The greatest fall of rain is 2 inches per hour me 54308-6 gallons per acre.

Mining

In ordinary Soil, - = charge of powder in pounds, l representing half the depth of the line of least resistance.

In Masonry, l3 X C = charge in pounds ; C representing a coefficient depending upon the structure.

In a plain Wall, C = .15, in one with counterforts = .2, and under a foundation when it is supported upon two sides = .4 to -6.