This section is from the book "How To Build Games And Toys", by B. W. Pelton. Also available from Amazon: How To Build Games And Toys.
By applying the basic principle of the crank axle, a variety of motions can be imparted to a miscellany of jointed animal and human figures, whether cut into silhouettes, or assembled in three-dimensional forms.
For example, since elephants vie with clowns as popular trademarks of a Well-rounded circus, Patsy the Ponderous Pachyderm in Figure 3.7 (or a simplified facsimile), can be mounted on a moving base the same size as that used for the Waving Clown, in such a manner that her graceful trunk will wave decorously at the imaginary crowds lining the right-of-way. She can of course be placed in various positions, but perhaps the simplest method is to fix her rear feet in slots and attach her front feet to the traditionally decorated circus half-barrel, in the form of a deep cardboard pill box. These average 2 in. in diameter, which is the minimum for the dimensions of the pivoted toy previously described. If the inner body is reduced to 1/4 in., the diameter of the "barrel" can be reduced by 1/2 in. Furthermore, if she is not to be removed from this "set piece," Patsy's legs can be bradded into a fixed position.
Her trunk, however, must be sanded to move graciously. The cranked axle in this case is located in the front, directly below, or slightly back of the rear upper (concealed) portion of the trunk, just back of the pivot. It is to this section that the pull wire or fishline is connected to the crank on the axle.
In like manner the giraffe, ostrich, Billy goat, and various other animals can be assembled with pivoted necks which can be attached to the crank in a front axle. So also, lions, tigers, alligators, or crocodiles can display snapping jaws, and the Goose that Laid the Golden Egg will appreciatively dip her pivoted neck into a pill box of imaginary feed.
By pivoting the tails and attaching them to the movable necks with a string or wire yoke from the center of which is knotted a pull thread or wire to a forward or rear crank axle, both "ends" of an animal can be made to move at the same time, like the arms of the Waving Clown, or the Jumping Jack. In fact, by employing two fixed axles with cranks, the variety of motions which can be bestowed upon one or more figures is limited only by the builder's imagination.
 
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