Concussion signifies sudden shock and interruption of the functions of the brain. The condition is rare among dogs, but may exist, caused by a blow or other mechanical injury to the head.

Symptoms

In ordinary cases the animal lies for a time motionless and unconscious. If an attempt is made to arouse him he opens his eyes, moves slightly, and again becomes insensible. After a time in this state, the functions of the brain renew their activity, he moves restlessly, generally vomits, and his senses return.

In more severe oases of concussion, the animal is unconscious of efforts to arouse him, his breathing is slow, and his pulse quick and feeble; surface and extremities cold. Vomiting in these cases rarely occurs. As reaction goes on the pulse grows stronger, the breathing quicker, circulation better, and the body warmer. After a time partial sensibility returns, and when at last on his feet he staggers, reels blindly about, and possibly again becomes unconscious.

Death may follow a severe concussion; in some instances recovery takes place slowly; in others it is only partial, the animal remaining infirm, with intelligence lessened.

Treatment

The skull should be carefully examined for a possible fracture and if one is found a surgeon should be immediately consulted. In mild cases there is but little need of active interference. When the symptoms indicate the injury a severe one, cold should be applied to the head, and heat to the body, to lessen the flow of blood to the brain, and thereby prevent inflammation.

As soon as the animal can swallow, a purgative should be administered, and his bowels subsequently kept active. If inflammatory symptoms manifest themselves, leeches should be applied to the back of the head and followed by a blister. Perfect quietude is a marked essential. The diet should be mild and unstimulating.

The effects of a severe concussion often persist for a long time and may eventually indicate the need of strychnine in small doses.