Range. - United States, east of the Plains, breeding north to New England and Illinois; winters in Southern States.

Like the last but smaller (length 9 inches), not marked below and with the ear patches sharply defined. They nest in hedges or thickly tangled brush, showing a predilection for dense thorn bushes, where they place their piles of weeds, grasses, feathers and rubbish; the four or five eggs are laid in April or May; they are like those of the last, but smaller, averaging .96 x .72.

Grayish white.

I. E. Hess LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE AND NEST.

Loggerhead Shrike.

622a. White-Rumped Shrike. Lanius Ludovicianus Excubitorides

Range. - North America, west of the Plains, breeding north to Manitoba and the Saskatchewan; winters south to Mexico.

Like the last but paler and the rump white. Their nesting habits and eggs are in every respect like those of the Loggerhead Shrike.

622a-622b

622b. California Shrike. Lanius Ludovicianus Gambeli

Range. - Pacific coast north to British Columbia.

Similar to the eastern form but with the breast washed with brownish and with indistinct wavy bars. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the others.

622c. Island Shrike. Lanius Ludovicianus Anthonyi

Range. - Santa Barbara Islands, California. Like the last but smaller and darker. Eggs not distinguishable.

YOUNG SHRIKES (All ready for flight).