Dadant Hive. A large hive with eleven frames 18 1/2 x 11 1/4. The frames are spaced 1 1/2 inches from center to center and a dummy is used to reduce the size of the hive for weak colonies. A straw mat is used over the frames when supers are not in place.

Dadant System. A system of extracted honey production by means of the large Dadant hive. The deep frames and wide spacing reduces the amount of manipulation necessary for ordinary operations and largely controls swarming.

Danzenbaker Hive. A small hive with frames 7 1/2 x 17 inches. It was very popular for a time but is going out of use.

Decoy Hive. A hive placed in a favorable situation for the purpose of attracting stray swarms.

Dividing. Separating a colony into two or more parts for the purpose of making increase.

Divisible Hive. A shallow hive. See Heddon Hive.

Division-board. A board made of light material, the same size as a frame, which hangs in some hives the same as a frame. The idea was that by first removing the division board extra room would be available for manipulation of the frames. The device is unpractical and has been discarded by most beekeepers. See Dummy.

Drifting. When bees are taken from the cellar in spring they often become confused when taking their first flight, and large numbers drift to the strong colonies, thus leaving others greatly weakened. The tendency to desert their own hives for those of stronger colonies in early spring.

Drone. The male bee.

Drone-brood. Young male bees in the larval stage.

Drone-comb. Honeycomb with cells averaging about eighteen to the square inch. Comb in which young drones are reared. See Comb.

Drone-layer. An imperfectly fertilized or unfertilized queen. One whose offspring are all males.

Drone-trap. A trap made of perforated zinc or wire placed at the entrance of the hive. The worker bees pass through the perforations but the drones, being larger, are caught.

Drumming. In transferring bees from boxes or unsatisfactory hives, the exit of the bees is often hastened by drumming or pounding on the sides of the old hive.

Dummy. A division board made like a frame, excepting that it fits tight at both ends. It is used in the Dadant hive in place of a comb for the purpose of contracting the size of the hive for wintering or for encouraging weak colonies.

Dzierzon Theory. The theory of parthenogenesis; that an unfertilized or unmated queen can still lay eggs which will produce male offspring.

Eight-frame Hives. The Langstroth hive of small size holding only eight instead of ten frames.

Entrance Block. Small blocks of wood used for reducing the size of the entrance to prevent robbing or reduce the exposure to the weather.

Entrance Guards. Sheets of perforated zinc placed across the entrance to prevent the escape of the queen when a swarm issues.

Egyptian Bees. Yellow bees native to the Nile Valley.

Equalizing Brood. Taking brood from strong colonies to give to those which are weaker for the purpose of making all colonies equally strong.

Excluder. A contrivance made of perforated zinc or wire which prevents the queen from passing into the supers. The workers, being smaller, readily go through the perforations.

Extracted Honey. Honey removed from the combs by means of an extractor.

Extracting Combs. Combs from which the honey is removed by means of an extractor.

Extractor. A machine for removing the honey from the comb. It consists of wire baskets which revolve within a large can. After the combs are uncapped they are placed in the baskets and the centrifugal motion throws the honey against the side of the can. It is drawn off by a faucet at the bottom.

Fanning Bees. In warm weather a number of bees may be seen at the entrance of the hive, fanning with their wings for the purpose of creating air currents to ventilate the hive.

Fertile Workers. In queenless colonies it often happens that some of the worker bees begin to lay. Their eggs are scattered about in a very irregular manner. Being incapable of mating only male offspring results, and the colony is therefore doomed.

Forage. The flowering plants from which the bees gather nectar.

Foulbrood. Foulbrood is of two forms, American and European, named from the countries where first recognized. Both diseases attack the young bees in the larval stage and are very disastrous in neglected apiaries.

Foundation. See Comb Foundation.

Frames. The containers in which combs are built. The invention of the frame made beekeeping a commercial possibility. Rev. L. L. Langstroth of Ohio was the first to devise a successful frame for the beehive.

Gallup Hive. A hive with square frames 11 1/4 inches each way. It is no longer generally used.

German Bees. The common bees of Europe, also called Black Bees. They were the first race introduced into America and for many years were the only race known here.

Grading Rules. Rules by which honey is graded for market.

Goldens. Bright yellow Italian bees of a strain which have been selected for their bright color.

Granulation of Honey. The candying or sugaring of honey. Most honeys will candy when subjected to frequent changes of temperature. It can readily be restored to the liquid state by placing the container in a tank of warm water or in any warm place. Care must be used not to overheat and thus spoil the flavor.

Green Honey. Honey which has not been sufficiently ripened and which still contains a large percentage of moisture.

Gum. See Bee Gum.