Manual Training: First Lessons In Wood-Working | by Alfred G. Compton
The series of lessons in wood-working here presented is intended, principally, for use in schools in which hand-work is pursued as a part of general training. The order of sequence is designed to lead the pupil from one tool to another of larger capabilities, and from one operation to another requiring a higher degree of skill
| Title | Manual Training: First Lessons In Wood-Working |
| Author | Alfred G. Compton |
| Publisher | Ivison, Blakeman, And Company Publisbers |
| Year | 1888 |
| Copyright | 1888, By Ivison, Blakeman & CO |
| Amazon | First Lessons In Wood-Working |
Manual Training: First Lessons In Wood-Working
By Alfred G. Compton
Professor Of Applied Mathematics In The College Of The City Of New York, Instructor In Charge Of The Workshops Of The College, And Author Of A Manual Of Logarithmic Computation
Ivison, Blakeman, And Company Publisbers New York And Chicago
Copyright, 1888, By Ivison, Blakeman & CO.
Press Of Henry H, Clark & CO., Boston.
Preface- The series of lessons in wood-working here presented is intended, principally, for use in schools in which hand-work is pursued as a part of general training. The order of sequence is designed to lead...
- I. - Tools, One For Each Pupil
- Pocket-knife, two blades. Lead pencil, No. 2. Marking-gauge. Cross-cut-saw, 22 inches long, 8 teeth to the inch. Rip-saw, 22 ,, 4 1/2 a ,, Tenon-saw, ...
- II. - Tools, One For Each Bench (Two Pupils)
- Double bench, with closets. Bevel, blade 12 inches long. Oil-stone, in box. Oil-can, filled. Bench-dog, 6 inches by 12. Brace. Center-bit, 1/2 inch. Screw-driver, 1/2 inch. Brad-awls, 1/8 and...
- III. - Tools For Each Class
- One chopping-block, 12 to 15 inches in diameter, 20 inches high. One dozen straight-edges, 1/2 x 2 - 24, pine. Three glue-pots, 1 quart. Three glue-brushes. Two dozen hand-screws, 14 inches. ...
- IV. - Materials For Each Pupil
- Lesson I (Cutting Tools. - Knife And Hatchet). - Stick of white pine, 1/2 square, 10 long. Stick of pine or hemlock fire-wood, 2 feet long, 2 inches thick. Lesson II (Knife And Hatchet Continued)....
- V. - Materials Of Illustration For Each Class
- Specimen of fiber of hemp and flax for Lesson III (Strength Of Wood)., p. 14. Piece of round pine or spruce, about six inches long, with bark on, for Lesson III., p. 16. Small testing-machine (desirab...
- Lesson I. Cutting Tools. - Knife And Hatchet
- Every cutting tool is a wedge, which is pressed or driven between the particles of the wood, pushing them apart as it advances. You have a stick of white pine half an inch square and about ten inches ...
- Lesson II. Knife And Hatchet Continued
- The knife, the hatchet, and similar tools are used for other purposes besides cross-cutting or chopping: they are used for splitting and for hewing or paring. You have two pieces of pine 1/4 of an in...
- Lesson III. Strength Of Wood
- WE have seen, in our previous exercises, that it is much easier to cut and split wood lengthwise than crosswise. We will now look into this matter more closely. Exercise 6. Hewing With Hatchet If we...
- Lesson IV. The Cross-Cut-Saw
- Examine your saw carefully. You find that it consists of a number of triangular teeth, each of which acts as a sort of knife. Count the number of teeth to the inch. You will find this different in saw...
- Lesson V. Shrinking, Checking, And Warping Of Timber
- WE have already observed that our board was cracked at the end. We can understand this if we consider what happens to timber after it is cut down. While the tree is growing its pores are full of sap, ...
- Lesson VI. Working Sketches
- IT is proposed to make a box from the piece of board used in your seventh exercise. The box is to be made, not of any size and shape that you may happen to give it, but exactly according to given dime...
- Lesson VII. Working Drawings
- IF, instead of drawing the lines of our last lesson freehand, and writing the dimensions of the object on the drawing, we rule the lines with care, and make them all bear exactly the same ratio to the...
- Lesson VIII. Making A Nailed Box. Laying Out The Work
- Taking dimensions from Fig. 16, we see that we shall need for our box two pieces of | inch stuff 6 X 8 for the ends, and two pieces 6xl3 1/2 for the front and back. Later we shall need two pieces ...
- Lesson IX. Hammer And Nails. Putting A Box Together
- IN using the hammer, the first thing to learn is to swing it with a free movement of the arm from the elbow rather than from the wrist, and the second is to strike squarely with the whole face of the ...
- Lesson X. Hammer And Nails. Continued
- There will now no doubt be two classes of boxes in the class, as the result of the last exercise. The first will be smaller or larger than they were intended to be, or they will be not quite square at...
- Lesson XI. The Jack-Plane
- You have seen how the knife or the hatchet tends to follow the grain of the wood, and, if the grain happens to run inward rather than outward, splits off large pieces, thus making fine work impossible...
- Lesson XII. The Smoothing-Plane
- TO cut the ridges left by the jack-plane down to the level of the valleys is the next operation. It may be performed, imperfectly, with the jack-plane. To do this the cutting-iron must be drawn back s...
- Lesson XIII. Back-Saw And Bench-Dog
- The pieces you have been working on are now of the uniform thickness of half an inch and of the breadth of 5 3/4 inches. They are still marred, however, by the nail-holes made in them in a former exer...
- Lesson XIV. The Chisel
- Observe the form of the inch chisel on your bench. Its back is perfectly straight and flat. Its face makes with its back an angle of twenty-five degrees, and just at the edge is a short face which mak...
- Lesson XIV. The Chisel. Continued
- When you have worked with the chisel or other cutting tool some time, it becomes dull, and does not cut well. If you examine its cutting edge you will find that instead of being quite invisible, as it...
- Lesson XV. The Chisel Continued
- When greater force has to be applied to the chisel, as in paring across the grain, the handle is held in the closed right hand, the end of it standing out a little on the upper or thumb side, and the ...
- Lesson XVI. The Chisel Continued. - End Dove-Tail
- The two pieces that were put together in your last lesson can be pulled apart in one direction. The piece A, Fig. 47, can be drawn out from B towards the right, but the part of B which projects above ...
- Lesson XVII. The Chisel Continued. - Dove-Tailing
- WE will now return to the box which we left unfinished in our thirteenth Lesson. We had got out the required material, cut it to the proper shape, and put it away to dry thoroughly. Examine the pieces...
- Lesson XVIII. Gluing
- A Box properly dove-tailed together would preserve its shape without glue or any other joining material, unless subjected to considerable strain. To hold it in proper shape in spite of strains it must...
- Lesson XIX. Finishing A Dove-Tailed Box
- The box being glued together is now to have the bottom glued on, the top fastened on with hinges, and the surfaces all finished up true and smooth. To put on the bottom you must plane up the bottom e...
- Lesson XX. Fitting Hinges
- You are now ready to put hinges on your box. Fig. 57 shows a plan and an end elevation of. a hinge. When applied to the box the upper half of the hinge is to be sunk into the top, and the lower half i...
- Lesson XXI. Making A Paneled Door. - Isometric Drawing
- In Lesson XIII (Back-Saw And Bench-Dog) you planed up the sides of your box and put them away; and when you took them out again you found that they had shrunk in width though not in length, and you me...
- Lesson XXII. Paneled Door Continued
- Fig. 75 is an isometric drawing of a part of one of the stiles of the door, showing the mortise and the groove, and Fig. 76 is a similar drawing of the end of the rail or tenon-piece, turned round so ...
- Lesson XXIII. The Plow. - Fitting A Panel
- The tool used for this purpose is a kind of plane called a plow. Its mode of action will be understood after an examination of the accompanying Figure and of the tool itself. The iron d, Fig. 80, cut...
- Lesson XXIV. Chamfering. - Sand-Paper. - Shellac
- The door may now be glued together and afterwards finished up with the smooth-ing-plane, or the front inner edges of the frame may be chamfered first. Fig. 82 shows how the chamfer is to be laid out. ...
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